Thickening of the flexor tendon sheath may prevent the tendon from moving freely inside the sheath when moving the finger. Often an audible snap can be heard when flexing or extending the finger. This is called a trigger finger. The finger can also be locked in a crooked position, and can only be straightened with the other hand. Often, a small lump can be felt on the tendon. The primary self-care is splinting the finger at rest and a course of anti-inflammatory medication. This should be done as early as possible after the onset of symptoms. If the problem does not improve with self-care, a local cortisone injection can be tried as a treatment, which can be repeated if necessary. However, it is important to remember that cortisone injection can raise blood sugar levels for an extended period. In the case of a severe trigger finger, which does not improve with a cortisone injection, tendon debridement surgery can be tried as a treatment.
Dupuytren’s contracture is when the subcutaneous fascia in the palm becomes thicker and more rigid. Lumps, dimples or ridges can be felt in the palm area. The fingers may become stiff, making it difficult to extend the them. In a severe case, surgery may be required.
Reduced mobility of the small finger joints and restricted extension of the fingers is common in people with long-term diabetes. It is caused by the skin and joint capsules of the fingers becoming thick and rigid. There is nothing wrong with the joints themselves, and it is important to separate the phenomenon from inflammatory joint diseases.