Tablets that boost the effect of intestinal hormones (i.e. gliptins) are a standard phase 2 medication for blood sugar treatment in type 2 diabetes.
Gliptins (i.e. DPP-4 inhibitors) are used to treat type 2 diabetes in adults as a phase 2 pharmaceutical product together with metformin or other blood sugar-lowering drugs or basal insulin. They can also be used on their own, if metformin is not suitable.
In Finland, there are several different gliptins for sale with different brand names. There are also combination products on the market consisting of gliptins and metformin.
GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide) are two hormones, also known as incretins, which are secreted from the small intestine at mealtimes. They stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, reduce the secretion of glucagon from pancreatic alpha cells and reduce the rate at which the stomach empties, increasing the feeling of fullness.
Gliptins are tablets which inhibit the action of the DPP4 enzyme that breaks down intestinal hormones. This way, they increase the body’s own intestinal hormone level and stimulate its effects at mealtimes.
Normally, the medication starts with a maintenance dose straight away. Some products are taken once a day, others twice a day, either on an empty stomach or at mealtime.
Gliptins alone do not result in blood sugar dropping too low. Quantity of food should not be increased after starting the medication. Rather, quantity of consumed food should be reduce, if you are overweight. The dose does not need to be adjusted according to eating or exercise. Gliptins do not cause weight gain.
In case of kidney failure, it is necessary to reduce the dose of gliptins other than linagliptins.
Gliptins are not used during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Normally, there is a good tolerance for gliptins. Some stomach issues may occur at the early stages.
The use of gliptins includes a slightly higher risk of acute pancreatitis. A typical symptom of pancreatitis is severe pain in the upper part of the stomach, which radiates to the back.
Updated 30.9.2023
