Diabetic retinopathy is divided into background retinopathy and proliferative retinopathy. Between these groups is pre-proliferative retinopathy, i.e. severe background retinopathy.
With severe background retinopathy, changes to the retina, such as bleeding, are observed to a much greater extent than in background retinopathy, but the neovascularisation typical of proliferative retinopathy is not yet observable at this stage.
The following can be found in the retina: spots of bleeding, abnormal capillary networks, variations in vein thickness, and localised clogging of blood vessels.
If the photographs of the back of the eye or an examination by an ophthalmologist reveal abundant changes associated with severe background retinopathy, laser treatment of the back of the eye can be considered at this point. Factors taken into consideration in the treatment decision include the severity of the retinopathy, the condition of the macula (the area responsible for detailed vision), and general risk factors.
Good management of diabetes slows the progress of the disease. Regular monitoring of the condition of the backs of the eyes is important if any treatment is to be carried out in a timely manner.