The protective sensation of both feet is checked using a thin 10 g line called monofilament in at least three different places: the 1st and 5th toes as well as the ball of the foot.
The feet of a person with diabetes are examined annually either by a doctor, a diabetes specialist nurse trained in foot examinations or a foot therapy professional (a podiatrist). If person has increased risk in the feet, they are checked several times per year. Foot therapy professionals are required to identify structural, functional or therapeutic foot issues.
The basic foot examination includes checking the structure, protective sensation and circulation of the feet, condition of the skin and nails as well as checking the footwear.
The protective sensation in the sole of the foot and toes is checked using a so-called monofilament.
Arterial circulation is assessed by taking the pulse from the arteries in the feet. If the pulse cannot be felt with fingers, it is possible the further examine the circulation by checking the blood pressure in the ankle and comparing it with the blood pressure in the upper arm (ABI or the Ankle Brachial Index test).
The mobility of ankle and toe joints is checked.
The feet are checked for potential posture faults.
The condition of the skin and nails is assessed. Thick calluses developing on the skin especially are significant skin mutations.
Your footwear and any orthopaedic inserts or socks you may use are inspected.
Based on the foot examination, a foot risk assessment will be carried out and the person is referred to monitoring and self-care guidance accordingly. The need for orthopaedic inserts or special footwear is also assessed.