The most common type of nerve damage in diabetes is damage to the peripheral nerves in the limbs (peripheral neuropathy). It can affect both sensory nerves and the nerves serving the muscles. Typically, nerve damage in the peripheral nervous system starts in the feet. From there, it can progress up the limbs, sometimes even affecting the hands. The medical terms for it is sensorimotor polyneuropathy.
In terms of diabetes, loss of protective sensation is the most significant risk factor related to foot ulcers. The occurrence of foot ulcers and amputations can be prevented with nerve damage screening and treatment.