Mitochondria are the cell organelles responsible for the energy metabolism of cells. They contain a genetic resource, i.e. DNA, which is inherited from the mother. Only women can pass on a mitochondrial disease to their children.
Mitochondrial diabetes is normally caused by a genetic defect in the so-called MELAS gene. It is linked to nerve-related hearing loss and diabetes resulting from an insulin secretion disorder. The clinical picture may also include heart or skeletal muscle diseases or neurological disorders.
The initial diagnosis is formed on the basis of the clinical picture. It is verified with a genetic test performed on blood, urine or a tissue sample.